ADHD

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurotype, which means it is a natural part of human diversity of the brain. It is important to understand ADHD within the context of neurodiversity. ADHD affects the way that people experience the world and may cause difficulties in different environments such as social relationships, work, and school. It is often diagnosed during childhood, but sometimes it may go unnoticed and is not diagnosed until adulthood. Many adults with ADHD don’t know they have it. They just know that everyday tasks seem more challenging for them than for most people.

Symptoms of ADHD

ADHD looks different for everyone, but some common symptoms include the following:

  • Impulsiveness

  • Disorganization and problems prioritizing

  • Poor time management skills

  • Problems focusing on a task

  • Trouble multitasking

  • Excessive activity or restlessness

  • Poor planning

  • Low frustration tolerance

  • Frequent mood swings

  • Problems following through and completing tasks

  • Hot temper

  • Trouble coping with stress

What are the Different Types of ADHD?

There are three primary types of ADHD:

  • Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: People with this type have difficulty sustaining attention, following through on tasks, organizing activities, and often seem forgetful and easily distracted.

  • Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: Individuals with this type display hyperactivity and impulsivity without significant inattentive symptoms. They may fidget, talk excessively, act impulsively without thinking about the consequences, and have difficulty waiting their turn.

  • Combined Presentation: This type includes symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, which is the most common presentation of ADHD.

What Causes ADHD?

The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, but research suggests that it is likely to result from a combination of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Here are some key factors believed to contribute to the development of ADHD:

  • Genetics: There is strong evidence that genetics plays a significant role in ADHD. Children with a family history of ADHD are more likely to develop the disorder themselves.

  • Neurobiological Factors: Certain brain areas and neurotransmitter systems are associated with ADHD. For instance, the prefrontal cortex, responsible for executive functions like attention and impulse control, is often found to be underactive in individuals with ADHD. Additionally, neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, which play essential roles in regulating attention and focus, are also implicated.

  • Environmental Factors: Several environmental factors have been studied as potential contributors to ADHD. These include prenatal factors such as maternal smoking, alcohol or drug use during pregnancy, low birth weight, and premature birth. Exposure to environmental toxins, like lead, has also been associated with an increased risk of ADHD. Additionally, early childhood exposure to trauma, neglect, or adverse life events may influence the development of ADHD symptoms.

What is the Treatment for ADHD?

There are many different treatment options for ADHD for both children and adults. Treatment plans should be tailored for the individual person, as different people have different needs. Many people find a combination of both medications and therapy to be the most effective treatment for their ADHD. Here are some common treatment options for ADHD:

  • Behavioral therapy for ADHD: Behavioral therapy focuses on teaching individuals with ADHD specific skills to manage their symptoms and change their behaviors. Techniques may include teaching organizational strategies, time management skills, and problem-solving techniques. Sometimes these strategies are called executive functioning coaching. Behavioral therapy for ADHD can occur through individual therapy, group therapy, or coaching.

  • Educational Interventions: For children with ADHD, educational support is essential. Teachers can implement classroom accommodations to help students stay focused and organized. These accommodations may include preferential seating, breaking tasks into smaller steps, and providing clear and concise instructions.

  • Parental Training: Parents can benefit from training programs that teach them effective parenting strategies for managing a child with ADHD. These programs help parents understand the disorder better and learn how to reinforce positive behaviors, set appropriate boundaries, and handle challenging behaviors.

  • Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help manage the symptoms of ADHD. The most common types of medications used are stimulants, such as methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin) and amphetamines (e.g., Adderall). These medications can improve attention, focus, and impulse control. Non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera) may be used as an alternative or in combination with stimulants.

  • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT can be beneficial for adults with ADHD. This type of therapy focuses on identifying negative thought patterns and developing coping strategies to manage symptoms effectively.

What Should I Do if I Think I Have ADHD?

The first step to getting help for ADHD is ADHD testing. Getting an accurate diagnosis is important for ADHD treatment. Once you have a diagnosis, then you can choose from different treatment options such as those listed above.

Where Can I Find ADHD Testing Near Me?

There are a lot of ADHD testing options and we are one of them! Our testing is neurodiversity-affirming. We offer ADHD testing for adults and ADHD testing for children. Zephyr Care offers in-person appointments in Nashville, TN and virtually. Contact us today!