Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or discontinuity in a person’s sense of identity, memory, consciousness, or perception of self and the environment. These conditions often develop as a way of coping with overwhelming stress or trauma. Dissociative disorders can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background. Understanding dissociation is key to recognizing symptoms, seeking appropriate treatment, and supporting those affected.

Symptoms of Dissociative Disorders

Symptoms of dissociative disorders can vary depending on the specific type, but often include:

Disruptions in Identity and Memory:

• Feeling as if you are detached from yourself (depersonalization)

• Feeling as if the world around you is unreal or dreamlike (derealization)

• Memory gaps about everyday events, personal information, or traumatic events

• Confusion about identity or difficulty defining a sense of self

Difficulty Maintaining a Coherent Sense of Self:

• Sudden shifts in mood, behavior, or preferences that feel disconnected from your typical self

• Feeling like there are different “parts” of yourself that take control at different times

Emotional Numbing or Detachment:

• Feeling emotionally numb or disconnected from your feelings

• Trouble forming or maintaining close relationships due to emotional distance

Types of Dissociative Disorders

There are several distinct dissociative disorders, each with its own characteristics:

Dissociative Amnesia:

• Involves an inability to recall important personal information, usually related to trauma or stress. This memory loss is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.

Dissociative Fugue:

• A subtype of dissociative amnesia that includes unexpected travel or wandering away from home, often with confusion about identity or assuming a new identity.

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder (DPDR):

• Involves persistent or recurrent feelings of being detached from one’s body or thoughts (depersonalization) or feeling that the world is unreal or dreamlike (derealization).

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID):

• Previously known as multiple personality disorder, DID is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities that control the person’s behavior at different times. These shifts often come with memory gaps and significant distress or impairment.

Causes of Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative disorders are strongly associated with overwhelming stress or trauma, especially in early childhood. Potential causes include:

• Chronic Childhood Abuse: Physical, sexual, or emotional abuse during childhood can lead to dissociation as a coping mechanism.

• Neglect: A lack of emotional support or chronic neglect can contribute to the development of dissociative symptoms.

• Witnessing Violence: Experiencing or witnessing domestic violence, community violence, or other traumatic events.

• Severe Medical Events: Traumatic medical experiences, such as invasive surgeries or sudden illness, especially in early development.

• Natural Disasters or Accidents: Experiencing natural disasters or severe accidents can also lead to dissociation.

Co-occurring Diagnoses with Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative disorders often overlap with other mental health conditions, including:

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Many individuals with dissociative disorders also experience symptoms of PTSD.

• Depression: Persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities.

• Anxiety Disorders: Including generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and social anxiety.

• Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): People with BPD frequently experience dissociation during periods of stress.

Treatment Options for Dissociative Disorders

Treatment for dissociative disorders typically involves a combination of therapies tailored to the individual’s specific needs.

Psychotherapy:

• Trauma-Focused Therapy: Addresses underlying traumatic experiences that contribute to dissociation.

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps challenge and change unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors.

• Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Useful for managing intense emotions and improving distress tolerance.

• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Often used to process traumatic memories.

• Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapy: Explores different “parts” of the self, which can be especially helpful in DID.

Medications:

• There are no medications specifically approved for dissociative disorders, but medications may be prescribed to treat co-occurring symptoms like depression, anxiety, or PTSD.

Self-Care Strategies:

• Grounding Techniques: Exercises that help reconnect with the present moment and reduce dissociation.

• Regular Physical Activity: Exercise can help with mood regulation and stress management.

• Healthy Sleep and Nutrition: A balanced diet and consistent sleep schedule support overall mental health.

• Mindfulness Practices: Meditation, yoga, and deep breathing can help reduce stress and promote self-awareness.

Does Having a Dissociative Disorder Make You Neurodivergent?

Dissociative disorders can be considered a form of neurodiversity because they reflect differences in how the brain processes stress, trauma, and identity. Just as with autism and ADHD, individuals with dissociative disorders experience the world in ways that may not align with societal expectations. Viewing dissociation through a neurodiversity lens helps reduce stigma and promotes a more compassionate understanding of these conditions. It emphasizes supporting individuals in navigating their unique experiences rather than solely focusing on “fixing” or eliminating symptoms.

What Should I Do if I Think I Have a Dissociative Disorder?

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of a dissociative disorder, seeking professional help is an important first step. A comprehensive psychological evaluation, including dissociation-specific assessments, can clarify your diagnosis and guide your treatment plan.

Where Can I Find Dissociative Disorder Testing Near Me?

At Zephyr Care, we provide thorough and compassionate evaluations for dissociative disorders. Our neurodiversity-affirming and trauma-informed approach ensures that your unique experiences are respected and understood. We can also assess for related diagnoses such as PTSD, autism, ADHD, and personality disorders. We offer testing for adults and children both in person in Nashville, TN and Murfreesboro, TN and virtually across most states. To learn more or schedule an appointment, contact us today!